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Menorrhagia (meno = prolonged, rrhagia = excessive flow/discharge) is an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period. [13] Metrorrhagia is bleeding at irregular times, especially outside the expected intervals of the menstrual cycle.
Risk factors for primary dysmenorrhea include: early age at menarche, long or heavy menstrual periods, smoking, and a family history of dysmenorrhea. [12] Dysmenorrhea is a highly polygenic and heritable condition. [23] There is strong evidence of familial predisposition and genetic factors increasing susceptibility to dysmenorrhea.
The treatment choices of those referred to hospital in the UK for heavy menstrual bleeding. [20] The first line treatment option for those with HMB and no identified pathology, fibroids less than 3 cm in diameter, and/or suspected or confirmed adenomyosis is the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). [16]
Treatment depends on the cause. In cases where malignancy is ruled out, hormone supplementation or the therapeutic use of hormonal contraception is usually recommended to induce bleeding on a regular schedule. Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) are sometimes used to stop uterine bleeding. [1]
Treatment [ edit ] Breakthrough bleeding that does not resolve on its own is a common reason for women to switch to different pill formulations, or to switch to a non-hormonal method of birth control .
The period before menstruation, known as the premenstrual phase, is often linked to emotional distress.Conditions related to the menstrual cycle encompass premenstrual tension syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and the exacerbation of another medical condition during the premenstrual phase.
The treatment is determined based on the cause of menorrhagia. In case of puberty menorrhagia due to immaturity of hypothalamic axis, hormonal therapy is beneficial. Treatment for blood loss should be done simultaneously with iron therapy in mild to moderate blood loss and blood transfusion in severe blood loss.
Irregular menstruation is a menstrual disorder whose manifestations include irregular cycle lengths as well as metrorrhagia (vaginal bleeding between expected periods). The possible causes of irregular menstruation may vary.