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  2. Glycerol phosphate shuttle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol_phosphate_shuttle

    The glycerol phosphate shuttle was first characterized as a major route of mitochondrial hydride transport in the flight muscles of blow flies. [5] [6] It was initially believed that the system would be inactive in mammals due to the predominance of lactate dehydrogenase activity over glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) [5] [7] until high GPD1 and GPD2 activity were demonstrated in ...

  3. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol-3-phosphate_de...

    Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (a.k.a. glycerone phosphate, outdated) to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. [2] Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase serves as a major link between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism.

  4. Mitochondrial shuttle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_shuttle

    The two main systems in humans are the glycerol phosphate shuttle and the malate-aspartate shuttle. The malate/a-ketoglutarate antiporter functions move electrons while the aspartate/glutamate antiporter moves amino groups. This allows the mitochondria to receive the substrates that it needs for its functionality in an efficient manner. [1]

  5. Glycerol 3-phosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol_3-phosphate

    Glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized by reducing dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), an intermediate in glycolysis. The reduction is catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. DHAP and thus glycerol 3-phosphate can also be synthesized from amino acids and citric acid cycle intermediates via the glyceroneogenesis pathway. + NAD(P)H + H + → ...

  6. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol-3-phosphate_de...

    The encoded cytosolic protein and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase also form a glycerol phosphate shuttle that facilitates the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to mitochondria. Mutations in this gene are a cause of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia.

  7. Phosphatidylglycerol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylglycerol

    The head group substituent glycerol is bonded through a phosphomonoester. It is the precursor of surfactant and its presence (>0.3) in the amniotic fluid of the newborn indicates fetal lung maturity. Approximately 98% of alveolar wall surface area is due to the presence of type I cells, with type II cells producing pulmonary surfactant covering ...

  8. Malate–aspartate shuttle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate–aspartate_shuttle

    Compare this to the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, which reduces FAD + to produce FADH 2, donates electrons to the quinone pool in the electron transport chain, and is capable of generating only 2 ATPs per NADH generated in glycolysis (ultimately resulting in a net gain of 36 ATPs per glucose metabolized).

  9. Glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol-3-phosphate_1...

    Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and NADP +, whereas its 3 products are D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, NADPH, and H +. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD + or NADP + as acceptor.