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Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. [2] [3] Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution, although only in a few cases are genes the primary cause of obesity.
Many cultures throughout history have viewed obesity as the result of a character flaw. The obesus or fat character in Ancient Greek comedy was a glutton and figure of mockery. During Christian times, food was viewed as a gateway to the sins of sloth and lust. [20]
Obesity has been observed throughout human history. Many early depictions of the human form in art and sculpture appear obese. [2] However, it was not until the 20th century that obesity became common — so much so that, in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic [3] and estimated that the worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled ...
Countries by obesity rate, data from WHO 2022 This is a list of countries by obesity rate , with data from the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2022. World Health Organization (2022 data)
A karyotype of an individual with trisomy 21, showing three copies of chromosome 21. An abnormal number of chromosomes is known as aneuploidy, and occurs when an individual is either missing a chromosome from a pair (resulting in monosomy) or has more than two chromosomes of a pair (trisomy, tetrasomy, etc.).
Changes in chromosome number may involve even larger mutations, where segments of the DNA within chromosomes break and then rearrange. For example, in the Homininae , two chromosomes fused to produce human chromosome 2 ; this fusion did not occur in the lineage of the other apes , and they retain these separate chromosomes. [ 21 ]
Chromosome 18 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 18 spans about 80 million base pairs (the building material of DNA ) and represents about 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells .
Pathophysiology of obesity is the study of disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with obesity. A number of possible pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified which may contribute in the development and maintenance of obesity.