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Canada's demographic landscape has undergone a profound transformation in recent decades, marked by a notable shift in age distribution. [4] The proportion of seniors, defined as individuals aged 65 and over, has surpassed that of children under 15, signaling a significant demographic shift. [3]
The Seniors Strategy for Canada—an annual NIA report on the state of public policy related to Canada's ageing population— was first published in 2015 when there was a demographic shift in Canada's population as the number of Canadians aged 65 and over increased. In 2015, this demographic outnumbered children under 15. [3]
The Indian Act, its corresponding federal policies and funding mechanisms, has been blamed for the extreme poverty experienced by First Nations in Canada since its inception. [65] By 1900, the number of unemployed urban poor had increased, in pace with urbanization and industrialization in the late Victorian period. [66]
Over the age of 65: elderly, senior citizens. The age structure of a country has a strong impact on society and the economy. If the proportion of 0–14-year-olds is very high, there may be a so-called youth bulge. If, on the other hand, the proportion of over 65 is very high, the social systems of a country can be heavily burdened.
Canada's fertility rate hit a record low of 1.4 children born per woman in 2020, [30] below the population replacement level, which stands at 2.1 births per woman. In 2020, Canada also experienced the country's lowest number of births in 15 years, [30] also seeing the largest annual drop in childbirths (−3.6%) in a quarter of a century. [30]
The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. [1] It follows the 2016 Canadian census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728. [2] The overall response rate was 98%, which is slightly lower than the response rate for the 2016 census. [3]
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In 1822 the Indigenous Canadian population, excluding the Métis, was estimated as 283,500 people. [18] In 1871 there was an enumeration of the Indigenous population within the limits of Canada at the time, showing a total of only 102,358 individuals. [19] In 1885 the number of Indigenous people in Canada was reported as 131,952 individuals. [20]