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  2. Lorenz gauge condition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_gauge_condition

    In electromagnetism, the Lorenz gauge condition or Lorenz gauge (after Ludvig Lorenz) is a partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential by requiring = The name is frequently confused with Hendrik Lorentz , who has given his name to many concepts in this field. [ 1 ] (

  3. Liénard–Wiechert potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liénard–Wiechert_potential

    The Liénard–Wiechert potentials describe the classical electromagnetic effect of a moving electric point charge in terms of a vector potential and a scalar potential in the Lorenz gauge. Stemming directly from Maxwell's equations , these describe the complete, relativistically correct, time-varying electromagnetic field for a point charge in ...

  4. Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    Since the potentials are only defined up to gauge equivalence, we are free to impose additional equations on the potentials, as long as for every pair of potentials there is a gauge equivalent pair that satisfies the additional equations (i.e. if the gauge fixing equations define a slice to the gauge action). The gauge-fixed potentials still ...

  5. Retarded potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retarded_potential

    Position vectors r and r′ used in the calculation. The starting point is Maxwell's equations in the potential formulation using the Lorenz gauge: =, = where φ(r, t) is the electric potential and A(r, t) is the magnetic vector potential, for an arbitrary source of charge density ρ(r, t) and current density J(r, t), and is the D'Alembert operator. [2]

  6. Gauge theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_theory

    The transformations between possible gauges, called gauge transformations, form a Lie group—referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory. Associated with any Lie group is the Lie algebra of group generators. For each group generator there necessarily arises a corresponding field (usually a vector field) called the gauge ...

  7. Velocity potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_potential

    If ϕ is a velocity potential, then ϕ + f(t) is also a velocity potential for u, where f(t) is a scalar function of time and can be constant. Velocity potentials are unique up to a constant, or a function solely of the temporal variable. The Laplacian of a velocity potential is equal to the divergence of the corresponding flow.

  8. Gauge covariant derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_covariant_derivative

    Consider a generic (possibly non-Abelian) gauge transformation acting on a component field = =.The main examples in field theory have a compact gauge group and we write the symmetry operator as () = where () is an element of the Lie algebra associated with the Lie group of symmetry transformations, and can be expressed in terms of the hermitian generators of the Lie algebra (i.e. up to a ...

  9. Inquizition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquizition

    Inquizition is an American game show.Created by Sande Stewart Television, it aired on Game Show Network (GSN) from October 5, 1998 to October 19, 2001. The game, hosted by an unknown figure named "The Inquizitor", featured four contestants competing in a quiz competition against four home viewers who participated by telephone calls.