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  2. Simpson's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson's_rule

    Composite Simpson's 3/8 rule is even less accurate. Integration by Simpson's 1/3 rule can be represented as a weighted average with 2/3 of the value coming from integration by the trapezoidal rule with step h and 1/3 of the value coming from integration by the rectangle rule with step 2h. The accuracy is governed by the second (2h step) term.

  3. Best, worst and average case - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best,_worst_and_average_case

    For example, the best case for a simple linear search on a list occurs when the desired element is the first element of the list. Development and choice of algorithms is rarely based on best-case performance: most academic and commercial enterprises are more interested in improving average-case complexity and worst-case performance .

  4. External sorting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_sorting

    The previous example is a two-pass sort: first sort, then merge. The sort ends with a single k -way merge, rather than a series of two-way merge passes as in a typical in-memory merge sort. This is because each merge pass reads and writes every value from and to disk, so reducing the number of passes more than compensates for the additional ...

  5. Timsort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort

    Timsort is a hybrid, stable sorting algorithm, derived from merge sort and insertion sort, designed to perform well on many kinds of real-world data.It was implemented by Tim Peters in 2002 for use in the Python programming language.

  6. Comparison sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_sort

    Sorting a set of unlabelled weights by weight using only a balance scale requires a comparison sort algorithm. A comparison sort is a type of sorting algorithm that only reads the list elements through a single abstract comparison operation (often a "less than or equal to" operator or a three-way comparison) that determines which of two elements should occur first in the final sorted list.

  7. Sorting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting

    For example, addresses could be sorted using the city as primary sort key, and the street as secondary sort key. If the sort key values are totally ordered , the sort key defines a weak order of the items: items with the same sort key are equivalent with respect to sorting.

  8. Bitonic sorter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitonic_sorter

    It follows that the number of comparators is bounded (+) / ⌊ / ⌋ (+) / (which establishes an exact value for when is a power of 2). Although the absolute number of comparisons is typically higher than Batcher's odd-even sort , many of the consecutive operations in a bitonic sort retain a locality of reference , making implementations more ...

  9. Sorting algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm

    An example of stable sort on playing cards. When the cards are sorted by rank with a stable sort, the two 5s must remain in the same order in the sorted output that they were originally in. When they are sorted with a non-stable sort, the 5s may end up in the opposite order in the sorted output.