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  2. Johnson's parabolic formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson's_parabolic_formula

    In structural engineering, Johnson's parabolic formula is an empirically based equation for calculating the critical buckling stress of a column. The formula is based on experimental results by J. B. Johnson from around 1900 as an alternative to Euler's critical load formula under low slenderness ratio (the ratio of radius of gyration to ...

  3. Euler's critical load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_critical_load

    This formula was derived in 1744 by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. [2] The column will remain straight for loads less than the critical load. The critical load is the greatest load that will not cause lateral deflection (buckling). For loads greater than the critical load, the column will deflect laterally.

  4. Buckling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckling

    This results in a non-linear behaviour in the load carrying behaviour of these details. The ratio of the actual load to the load at which buckling occurs is known as the buckling ratio of a sheet. [1] High buckling ratios may lead to excessive wrinkling of the sheets which may then fail through yielding of the wrinkles. Although they may buckle ...

  5. Southwell plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwell_plot

    Southwell plots v/P against v and obtains P 1 =P critical =P c from the slope of the predicted straight line graph. [3] This analysis was done for a specific point on a simply supported beam, but the concept can be extended to arbitrary structures. With any problem whose mathematical analog is the same fourth order ordinary differential ...

  6. Atkinson resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson_resistance

    One gaul is defined as the resistance of an airway which, when air (of density 1.2 kg/m 3) flows along it at a rate of one cubic metre per second, causes a pressure drop of one pascal. The gaul has units of N·s 2 /m 8, or alternatively Pa·s 2 /m 6. It uses the same basic equation as its Imperial counterpart, but with slightly different ...

  7. Geometric and material buckling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Geometric_and_Material_Buckling

    Geometric buckling is a measure of neutron leakage and material buckling is a measure of the difference between neutron production and neutron absorption. [1] When nuclear fission occurs inside of a nuclear reactor, neutrons are produced. [1] These neutrons then, to state it simply, either react with the fuel in the reactor or escape from the ...

  8. Fracture mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_mechanics

    Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics to calculate the driving force on a crack and those of experimental solid mechanics to characterize the material's resistance to fracture.

  9. Johnson's algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson's_algorithm

    Johnson's algorithm consists of the following steps: [1] [2] First, a new node q is added to the graph, connected by zero-weight edges to each of the other nodes. Second, the Bellman–Ford algorithm is used, starting from the new vertex q, to find for each vertex v the minimum weight h(v) of a path from q to v. If this step detects a negative ...