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The video source could be from: a telecine, a video tape recorder (VTR), a motion picture film scanner, virtual telecine or a direct-to-disk recording (DDR) or the older system called a film chain. A high end broadcast color suite may use a Da Vinci Systems or Pandora International color corrector.
However, this still left film shot at cinema frame rates as a problem. The obvious solution is to simply speed up the film to match the television frame rates, but this, at least in the case of NTSC, requires a change that is rather obvious to the eye and ear. The simple solution is to periodically play a selected frame twice.
The tape will pulled less than its standard length when a tension less than the standard tension is applied, making the tape too long. A tape stretches in an elastic manner until it reaches its elastic limit, when it will deform permanently and ruin the tape. The correction due to tension is given by:
Each roll of 35 mm film came with its own small packet of processing chemistry. After exposure, the film and its packet were loaded into a small hand-cranked machine called an "AutoProcessor". [10] [11] The time it required to produce a fully developed film ready for mounting varied from between two and five minutes, depending on the type of film.
In photographic film, the size of the grains in the film determines the film's sensitivity, more sensitive film having larger-sized grains. In magnetic tape, the larger the grains of the magnetic particles (usually ferric oxide or magnetite), the more prone the medium is to noise. To compensate for this, larger areas of film or magnetic tape ...
Time base correction (TBC) is a technique to reduce or eliminate errors caused by mechanical instability present in analog recordings on mechanical media. Without time base correction, a signal from a videotape recorder (VTR) or videocassette recorder (VCR), cannot be mixed with other, more time-stable devices such as character generators and video cameras found in television studios and post ...
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Tone mapped high-dynamic-range (HDR) image of St. Kentigerns Roman Catholic Church in Blackpool, Lancashire, England, UK. Tone mapping is a technique used in image processing and computer graphics to map one set of colors to another to approximate the appearance of high-dynamic-range (HDR) images in a medium that has a more limited dynamic range.