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The detailed semantics of "the" ternary operator as well as its syntax differs significantly from language to language. A top level distinction from one language to another is whether the expressions permit side effects (as in most procedural languages) and whether the language provides short-circuit evaluation semantics, whereby only the selected expression is evaluated (most standard ...
Kotlin's data class construct defines classes whose primary purpose is storing data, similar Java's record types. Like Java's record types, the construct is similar to normal classes except that the key methods equals , hashCode and toString are automatically generated from the class properties.
Conditions are a generalization of exceptions. When a condition arises, an appropriate condition handler is searched for and selected, in stack order, to handle the condition. Conditions that do not represent errors may safely go unhandled entirely; their only purpose may be to propagate hints or warnings toward the user. [57]
Assembly languages directly correspond to a machine language (see below), so machine code instructions appear in a form understandable by humans, although there may not be a one-to-one mapping between an individual statement and an individual instruction.
Static detection of logic errors, race conditions, and redundant code. automatically extracts pre-postconditions from code. SonarQube: 2024-02-05 (10.4) Partly; framework is LGPL v3.0, but some features can be proprietary — C, C#, C++, Objective-C Java, Kotlin, Scala JavaScript, TypeScript VB.NET Python
Multiple dispatch, meta, scalar and array-oriented, parallel, concurrent, distributed ("cloud") No K: Data processing, business No No No No No No Array-oriented, tacit Unknown Kotlin: Application, mobile development, server-side, client-side, web Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [31] De facto standard via Kotlin Language Specification Ksh: Shell ...
Conditionals within the code result in the execution of different code paths on successive calls, based on the values of the state variables. Another typical response is to implement an explicit state machine in the form of a large and complex switch statement or via a goto statement, particularly a computed goto .
The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.