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Measurement of wow and flutter is carried out on audio tape machines, cassette recorders and players, and other analog recording and reproduction devices with rotary components (e.g. movie projectors, turntables (vinyl recording), etc.) This measurement quantifies the amount of 'frequency wobble' (caused by speed fluctuations) present in ...
The terms "wow and flutter" are often referred to together, flutter being a higher-rate version of wow. Scrape flutter—a high-frequency flutter of above 1000 Hz—can sometimes occur from the tape vibrating as it passes over a head, as a result of rapidly interacting stretch in the tape and stiction at the head. It adds a roughness to the ...
"Wow" is slow speed (a few Hz) variation, caused by longer-term drift of the drive motor speed, whereas "flutter" is faster speed (a few tens of Hz) variations, usually caused by mechanical defects such as out-of-roundness of the capstan of a tape transport mechanism. The measurement is given in % and a lower number is better.
Wow is a form of flutter that occurs at a slower rate. Wow and flutter are most noticeable on signals which contain pure tones. For LP records, the quality of the turntable will have a large effect on the level of wow and flutter. A good turntable will have wow and flutter values of less than 0.05%, which is the speed variation from the mean ...
Variations in tape speed cause wow and flutter. Flutter can be reduced by using dual capstans. [citation needed] The higher the flutter the more noise that can be heard causing the quality of the recording to be worse. [36] Higher tape speeds used in professional recorders are prone to cause head bumps, which are fluctuations in low-frequency ...
The design and quality of the recorder are also important factors. The machine's speed stability (wow-and-flutter), head gap size, head quality, and general head design and technology. and the machine's mechanical alignment [b] affect the quality of the recording. The regulation of tape tension affects contact between the tape and the heads and ...
Objectivists claim that digital sound can have higher fidelity than analog sound because it lacks clicks, pops, wow, flutter, audio feedback, degradation, generational loss, and rumble, has a higher signal-to-noise ratio, has a wider dynamic range, has less total harmonic distortion, and has a flatter and more extended frequency response.
For high quality tapes, playback stability is sometimes lumped together with modulation noise and wow and flutter into an integral smoothness parameter. [ 20 ] Frequency range, per se, is usually unimportant.