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Vector calculus or vector analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with the differentiation and integration of vector fields, primarily in three-dimensional Euclidean space, . [1] The term vector calculus is sometimes used as a synonym for the broader subject of multivariable calculus, which spans vector calculus as well as partial differentiation and multiple integration.
The index is not defined at any non-singular point (i.e., a point where the vector is non-zero). It is equal to +1 around a source, and more generally equal to (−1) k around a saddle that has k contracting dimensions and n−k expanding dimensions. The index of the vector field as a whole is defined when it has just finitely many zeroes. In ...
In the natural sciences, a vector quantity (also known as a vector physical quantity, physical vector, or simply vector) is a vector-valued physical quantity. [9] [10] It is typically formulated as the product of a unit of measurement and a vector numerical value (), often a Euclidean vector with magnitude and direction.
2) = 1 / 2 n(n − 1) dimensions, and allows one to interpret the differential of a 1-vector field as its infinitesimal rotations. Only in 3 dimensions (or trivially in 0 dimensions) we have n = 1 / 2 n(n − 1), which is the most elegant and common case. In 2 dimensions the curl of a vector field is not a vector field but a ...
[11] The closure property also implies that every intersection of linear subspaces is a linear subspace. [11] Linear span Given a subset G of a vector space V, the linear span or simply the span of G is the smallest linear subspace of V that contains G, in the sense that it is the intersection of all linear subspaces that contain G.
By referring collectively to e 1, e 2, e 3 as the e basis and to n 1, n 2, n 3 as the n basis, the matrix containing all the c jk is known as the "transformation matrix from e to n", or the "rotation matrix from e to n" (because it can be imagined as the "rotation" of a vector from one basis to another), or the "direction cosine matrix from e ...
The cross product with respect to a right-handed coordinate system. In mathematics, the cross product or vector product (occasionally directed area product, to emphasize its geometric significance) is a binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional oriented Euclidean vector space (named here ), and is denoted by the symbol .
Vector (molecular biology), a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell Cloning vector, a small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes