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It also provides many built-in functions which can be used to eliminate the need for shell-scripting in the makefile rules as well as to manipulate the variables set and used in the makefile. [17] For example, the foreach function can be used to iterate over a list of values, such as the names of files in a given directory. [18]
Compared to Make, Ant uses less platform-specific shell commands. Ant provides built-in functionality that is designed to behave the same on all platforms. For example, in the sample build.xml file above, the clean target deletes the classes directory and everything in it. In a Makefile this would typically be done with the command: rm -rf classes/
Bash shell uses a yacc grammar for parsing the command input. Bison's own grammar parser is generated by Bison. [11] CMake uses several Bison grammars. [12] GCC started out using Bison, but switched to a hand-written recursive-descent parser for C++ in 2004 (version 3.4), [13] and for C and Objective-C in 2006 (version 4.1) [14]
Shell programming Mandatory Shell, the standard command language interpreter Version 7 AT&T UNIX (in earlier versions, sh was either the Thompson shell or the PWB shell) sleep: Shell programming Mandatory Suspend execution for an interval Version 4 AT&T UNIX sort: Text processing Mandatory Sort, merge, or sequence check text files Version 1 AT ...
fish (a Unix shell) Hamilton C shell (a C shell for Windows) ksh (a standard Unix shell, written by David Korn) Nushell (a cross-platform shell) PowerShell (.NET-based CLI) rc (shell for Plan 9) Rexx; sh (standard Unix shell, by Stephen R. Bourne) TACL (Tandem Advanced Command Language) Windows batch language (input for COMMAND.COM or CMD.EXE ...
Specific applications of search algorithms include: Problems in combinatorial optimization, such as: . The vehicle routing problem, a form of shortest path problem; The knapsack problem: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as ...
A shell script can provide a convenient variation of a system command where special environment settings, command options, or post-processing apply automatically, but in a way that allows the new script to still act as a fully normal Unix command. One example would be to create a version of ls, the command to list files, giving it a shorter ...
One of the earliest references to a fork concept appeared in A Multiprocessor System Design by Melvin Conway, published in 1962. [1] Conway's paper motivated the implementation by L. Peter Deutsch of fork in the GENIE time-sharing system, where the concept was borrowed by Ken Thompson for its earliest appearance [2] in Research Unix.