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  2. Penrose method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_method

    The Penrose method (or square-root method) is a method devised in 1946 by Professor Lionel Penrose [1] for allocating the voting weights of delegations (possibly a single representative) in decision-making bodies proportional to the square root of the population represented by this delegation.

  3. Square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root

    Notation for the (principal) square root of x. For example, √ 25 = 5, since 25 = 5 ⋅ 5, or 5 2 (5 squared). In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that =; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or ) is x. [1]

  4. Root mean square deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mean_square_deviation

    In fluid dynamics, normalized root mean square deviation (NRMSD), coefficient of variation (CV), and percent RMS are used to quantify the uniformity of flow behavior such as velocity profile, temperature distribution, or gas species concentration. The value is compared to industry standards to optimize the design of flow and thermal equipment ...

  5. 0.999... - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0.999...

    The Archimedean property: any point x before the finish line lies between two of the points P n (inclusive).. It is possible to prove the equation 0.999... = 1 using just the mathematical tools of comparison and addition of (finite) decimal numbers, without any reference to more advanced topics such as series and limits.

  6. Mean absolute percentage error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_absolute_percentage_error

    It is a variant of MAPE in which the mean absolute percent errors is treated as a weighted arithmetic mean. Most commonly the absolute percent errors are weighted by the actuals (e.g. in case of sales forecasting, errors are weighted by sales volume). [ 3 ]

  7. List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Acacia_species...

    Later analysis tentatively found 5-MeO-DMT in stems, leaves and roots; DMT, NMT and 5-MeO-DMT were tentatively observed in seeds, but follow-up tests were negative. [ 9 ] [ 53 ] Bark contains unidentified alkaloids [ 54 ] Bark in one sample subsequently found to contain an alkaloid which has an Rf value suggesting DMT.

  8. Demographics of Minnesota - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Minnesota

    Minnesota has seen a fluctuating percentage of foreign-born residents throughout its history. In the mid-19th century, a large portion of the state's population was foreign-born, with 32.5% in 1850 and 36.5% in 1870. However, from the late 19th to the mid-20th century, this percentage steadily declined, reaching a low of 2.6% between 1970 and 1990.

  9. Genotype frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype_frequency

    A Punnett square visualizing the genotype frequencies of a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium as areas of a square. p (A) and q (a) are the allele frequencies . Genetic variation in populations can be analyzed and quantified by the frequency of alleles .