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Benito Mussolini, dictator of Fascist Italy (left), and Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany (right), were fascist leaders.. Fascism (/ ˈ f æ ʃ ɪ z əm / FASH-iz-əm) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement, [1] [2] [3] characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a ...
Fascism and the Right in Europe 1919-1945 ( Routledge, 2014). Davies, Peter, and Derek Lynch, eds. The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right (Routledge, 2005). excerpt; Davies, Peter J., and Paul Jackson. The far right in Europe: an encyclopedia (Greenwood, 2008). excerpt and list of movements; Eatwell, Roger. 1996. Fascism: A History.
Kevin Passmore, a history lecturer at Cardiff University, defines fascism in his 2002 book Fascism: A Very Short Introduction. His definition is directly descended from the view put forth by Ernesto Laclau , and is also informed by a desire to adjust for what he believes are shortcomings in Marxist, Weberian and other analyses of fascism: [ 28 ]
A historian of fascism answers questions about the early history of one of the 20th century's cruelest ideas
Since definitions of fascism vary, entries in this list may be controversial. For a discussion of the various debates surrounding the nature of fascism, see Fascism and ideology and Definitions of fascism. For a general list of fascist movements, see List of fascist movements. This list has been divided into four sections for reasons of length:
Today, the term fascism has taken on a looser political definition and is often evoked as a catch-all for efforts to spread oppression and racism — as well as to decry dictators or leaders who embrace totalitarian tactics. It is not just the left that has used the term, denouncing a push rightward in the U.S. and in many parts of the world.
For example, fascists have historically rejected free market capitalism, unlike Trump. Instead, Bray calls Trump "fascistic" -- "I think the term fascist suggests that he's more of an ideologue of ...
There are sufficient similarities between Fascism and Nazism to make it worthwhile by applying the concept of fascism to both. In Italy and Germany, a movement came to power that sought to create national unity through the repression of national enemies and the incorporation of all classes and both genders into a permanently mobilized nation.