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Width of transistors in the Intel 4004, the world's first commercial microprocessor: 12 μm Width of acrylic fiber: 17–181 μm Width range of human hair [25] 10 −4: 100 μm: 340 μm Size of a pixel on a 17-inch monitor with a resolution of 1024×768 560 μm Thickness of the central area of a human cornea [26] 750 μm
The prevailing theory of how simple and complex cells interact is that cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus stimulate simple cells, and simple cells in turn stimulate complex cells where then a combination of complex cells create depth perception. [1] [7] [10] Three different cell types exist: far cells, near cells, and tuned zero cells.
A cellular automaton consists of a regular grid of cells, each in one of a finite number of states, such as on and off (in contrast to a coupled map lattice). The grid can be in any finite number of dimensions. For each cell, a set of cells called its neighborhood is defined relative to the specified cell.
Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
The cell on the left is going through mitosis and its chromosomes have condensed. Cell nucleus: A cell's information center, the cell nucleus is the most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It houses the cell's chromosomes, and is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis (transcription) occur.
Complex cells can be found in the primary visual cortex (V1), [1] the secondary visual cortex (V2), and Brodmann area 19 (). [2]Like a simple cell, a complex cell will respond primarily to oriented edges and gratings, however it has a degree of spatial invariance.
A hypercomplex cell (currently called an end-stopped cell) is a type of visual processing neuron in the mammalian cerebral cortex. Initially discovered by David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel in 1965, hypercomplex cells are defined by the property of end-stopping, which is a decrease in firing strength with increasingly larger stimuli .
Boundary cells (also known as border cells or boundary vector cells) are neurons found in the hippocampal formation that respond to the presence of an environmental boundary at a particular distance and direction from an animal. The existence of cells with these firing characteristics were first predicted on the basis of properties of place cells.