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The architecture of Norway has evolved in response to changing economic conditions, technological advances, demographic fluctuations and cultural shifts. While outside architectural influences are apparent in much of Norwegian architecture, they have often been adapted to meet Norwegian climatic conditions, including: harsh winters, high winds and, in coastal areas, salt spray.
Vernacular architecture in Norway [1] covers about 4,000 years of archeological, literary, and preserved structures. Within the history of Norwegian architecture , vernacular traditions form a distinct and pervasive influence that persists to this day.
Many of them remain to this day and represent Norway's most important contribution to architectural history. A fine example is The Stave Church at Urnes which is now on UNESCO's World Heritage List. Another notable example of wooden architecture is Bryggen (the wharf) in Bergen, consisting of a row of narrow wooden structures along the quayside.
Single-nave churches in Norway: Grip, Haltdalen, Undredal, Hedal, Reinli, Eidsborg, Rollag, Uvdal, Nore, Høyjord, Røldal, and Garmo. The only remaining church of this type outside Norway is the Hedared stave church church in Sweden, which shows similarities with the Haltdalen Stave Church.
The church combines the influences of Celtic art, Viking traditions, and Romanesque architecture. The woodwork, originating from the previous church, depicts interlaced, fighting animals, and thus links the pre-Christian Nordic culture and the Christianity of the medieval ages. [8] Bryggen: Vestland: 1979 59; iii (cultural)
Borgund stave church, in Borgund, Lærdal, Norway, built in the 12th century. The major aspects of Medieval Scandinavian architecture are boathouses, religious buildings (before and after Christians arrived in the area), and general buildings (both in cities and outside of them).
Great Mosque of Djenné — Djenné, Mali. Built in the 13th century, the Great Mosque is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a prime example of Sudanese architecture.
The Vemork Hydroelectric Power Station was designed by Olaf Nordhagen, influenced by traditional Norwegian architecture. Upon its completion in 1911, it was the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world.