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In 1984, many bacteria formerly grouped in the genus Streptococcus were separated out into the genera Enterococcus and Lactococcus. [6] Currently, over 50 species are recognised in this genus. This genus has been found to be part of the salivary microbiome .
However, both Streptococcus dysgalactiae and the Streptococcus anginosus group can possess group A antigen as well. Group A streptococci, when grown on blood agar, typically produce small (2–3 mm) zones of beta-hemolysis, a complete destruction of red blood cells. The name group A (beta-hemolytic) Streptococcus is thus also used. [1]
Streptococcosis encompasses a spectrum of diseases caused by bacteria from the genera Streptococcus and Lactococcus. [12] Various species within these genera can cause infections in both wild and cultured animals, including fish and terrestrial species. Commonly affected organisms include:
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus. [1] S. pneumoniae cells are usually found in pairs ( diplococci ) and do not form spores and are non motile. [ 2 ]
Streptococcus Streptococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria , placed within the order Lactobacillales . [ 1 ] Representative genera include Lactococcus , Lactovum , and Streptococcus .
Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus). It is a beta- hemolytic , catalase -negative, and facultative anaerobe .
Streptococcus mitis is a species of Gram-positive, mesophilic, alpha-hemolytic bacteria in the genus Streptococcus. These bacteria are facultative anaerobes , and made up of non-motile and non-sporing cocci (round cells) that are catalase negative .
The system, created by Rebecca Lancefield, was historically used to organize the various members of the family Streptococcaceae, which includes the genera Lactococcus and Streptococcus, but now is largely superfluous due to explosive growth in the number of streptococcal species identified since the 1970s. [2]