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Epilepsy in animals is a group of neurological disorders characterized by seizures, caused by uncontrolled, abnormal bursts of electrical activity in the brain.They can start and stop very abruptly and last any amount of time from a few seconds to a few minutes. [1]
Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS), previously known as Spike's disease, is a hereditary dog disease initially found in Border Terriers and has since been documented in many other dog breeds including Labrador Retrievers and Chihuahuas, with similarities to canine epilepsy. Its cause is unknown. [1]
pergolide – dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses; phenobarbital – anti-convulsant used for seizures; phenylbutazone – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) phenylpropanolamine – controls urinary incontinence in dogs
Rage syndrome is a rare seizure disorder in dogs, characterized by explosive aggression. [1] [2] [3]It is frequently confused with idiopathic aggression, a term for aggression with no identifiable cause.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with bandaged foot A dog's injured leg. The health of dogs is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.. Dog health is viewed holistically; it encompasses many different aspects, including disease processes, genetics, and nutritional health, for example.
Treatment with corticosteroids may put the dog into remission, or diazepam may control the symptoms. [4] Typically the two drugs are used together. [ 5 ] There is a good prognosis , and symptoms usually resolve with treatment within a week, although lifelong treatment may be necessary.
Over time, the motor seizures become more severe, ultimately culminating in the development of spontaneous seizures (see Pinel's stages below). [6] Though developed in the rat electrical kindling model, the Racine scale has been adapted for other seizure models (e.g. chemical status epilepticus) as well as other species.
Patients whose epilepsy is uncontrolled by their medication (i.e., it is refractory to treatment) are selected to see if supplementing the medication with the new drug leads to an improvement in seizure control. Any reduction in the frequency of seizures is compared against a placebo. [21]