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Coral bleaching is the process when corals become white due to loss of symbiotic algae and photosynthetic pigments. This loss of pigment can be caused by various stressors, such as changes in temperature, light, or nutrients.
Fuller's earth is the most common spelling today, but both fullers earth and fullers' earth remain in wide use. [4] Fuller's earth is also known by the following other names: Bleaching clay, [5] probably because fulling whitened the cloth. Whitening clay, particularly when used to treat facial pigmentation, such as melasma.
Bleaching may be caused by different triggers, including high sea surface temperature (SST), pollution, or other diseases. [57] SST coupled with high irradiance (light intensity), triggers the loss of zooxanthellae , a symbiotic single cell algae that gives the coral its color and the coral's dinoflagellate pigmentation, which turns the coral ...
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A range of biochemical calcification (biocalcification) mechanisms exist, indicated by the fact that marine calcifiers use different forms of calcium carbonate minerals. Within this range of mechanisms, there are two broad categories of biogenic calcification in marine organisms: extracellular mineralization and intracellular mineralization.
The entire ocean, containing 97% of Earth's water, spans 70.8% of Earth's surface, [8] making it Earth's global ocean or world ocean. [23] [25] This makes Earth, along with its vibrant hydrosphere a "water world" [43] [44] or "ocean world", [45] [46] particularly in Earth's early history when the ocean is thought to have possibly covered Earth ...
One example of this is a project called Green Fins based in Southeast Asia that uses the scuba diving industry to educate the public. This project, implemented by UNEP , encourages scuba diving operators to educate their students about the importance of marine conservation and encourage them to dive in an environmentally friendly manner that ...
Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geographical sciences or the Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. [4] There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography , geology , geophysics and geodesy .