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The Gros Ventre were reported living in two north–south tribal groups – the so-called Fall Indians (Canadian or northern group, Hahá-tonwan) of 260 tipis (2,500 population) traded with the North West Company on the Upper Saskatchewan River [clarification needed] and roamed between the Missouri and Bow River, and the so-called Staetan tribe ...
When Congress decided to remove several northern tribes to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) in 1876, the Ponca were on the list. After inspecting the lands the US government offered for their new reservation and finding it unsuitable for agriculture , the Ponca chiefs decided against a move to the Indian Territory.
The Ponca tribe was one of five tribes (Ponca, Omaha, Osage, Kansa, and Quaqaw) that inhabited the area northeast of the Mississippi River. The Ponca and the Omaha tribe split from the others in the early 18th century as they were migrating west from the Great Lakes region prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus .
The Creek, Choctaw, Seminole, and Chicksaw were also relocated under the Indian Removal Act of 1830. One Choctaw leader portrayed the removal as "A Trail of Tears and Deaths", a devastating event that removed most of the Indian population of the southeastern United States from their traditional homelands. [60]
The complete Choctaw Nation shaded in blue in relation to the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Choctaw Trail of Tears was the attempted ethnic cleansing and relocation by the United States government of the Choctaw Nation from their country, referred to now as the Deep South (Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana), to lands west of the Mississippi River in Indian Territory in the 1830s ...
After the Civil War, Texas being a Confederate state, Union forces occupied Texas, and in 1867 as many as 135 Tonkawa were escorted back north from Austin to Jacksboro, Texas by the Indian agent for the United States. [22] [23] [24] That same year the Tonkawa were then resettled on a reservation near Fort Griffin in Shackelford County. [25]
Chalahgawtha (or, more commonly in English, Chillicothe(/ ˌ tʃ ɪ l ɪ ˈ k ɒ θ i / CHIL-ih-KOTH-ee) [1] was the name of one of the five divisions (or bands) of the Shawnee, a Native American people, during the 18th century. It was also the name of the principal village of the division. The other four divisions were the Mekoche, Kispoko ...
By 1908 after allotment of plots to individual households of the tribes under the Dawes Act, 1,130.7 acres (4.576 km 2) were reserved for an agency, school and mission for a distinct Santee Sioux Reservation; the neighboring Ponca Reservation had only 160 acres (0.65 km 2) reserved for agency and school buildings.