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Signaling begins with the binding of a TGF beta superfamily ligand to a TGF beta type II receptor. The type II receptor is a serine/threonine receptor kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor. Each class of ligand binds to a specific type II receptor. [4] In mammals there are seven known type I receptors and five type ...
IL-2 binds to the IL-2 receptor, which has three forms, generated by different combinations of three different proteins, often referred to as "chains": α (alpha) (also called IL-2Rα, CD25, or Tac antigen), β (beta) (also called IL-2Rβ, or CD122), and γ (gamma) (also called IL-2Rγ, γ c, common gamma chain, or CD132); these subunits are also parts of receptors for other cytokines.
The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger TGF-beta receptor family and modulate signals for transforming growth factor beta ligands. These receptors are involved in a host of physiological processes including, growth , cell differentiation , homeostasis , osteogenesis , apoptosis and many other functions.
Ligand binding to either subunit is required for and precedes dimerization and activation of the receptor. Each subunit of IFNAR contains an N-terminal ligand binding domain (with two or four fibronectin type II-like subdomains, for IFNAR2 and IFNAR1, respectively), a transmembrane (TM) domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. [ 7 ]
21813 Ensembl ENSG00000163513 ENSMUSG00000032440 UniProt P37173 Q62312 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001024847 NM_003242 NM_009371 NM_029575 RefSeq (protein) NP_001020018 NP_003233 NP_033397 NP_083851 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 30.61 – 30.69 Mb Chr 9: 115.91 – 116 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70/80kDa) is a TGF beta receptor. TGFBR2 ...
Homodimeric alpha chains (IL2RA) result in low-affinity receptor (Kd ~10−8M) with no signalling ability, while dimeric beta and gamma chains produce a medium-affinity receptor (Kd ~10−9M). Moreover, CD25 is an exclusive subunit that entirely binds IL-2, while CD132 binds the shared γc family cytokines ( IL-4 , IL-7 , IL-9 , IL-15 and IL-21 ...
The Hill equation reflects the occupancy of macromolecules: the fraction that is saturated or bound by the ligand. [1] [2] [nb 1] This equation is formally equivalent to the Langmuir isotherm. [3] Conversely, the Hill equation proper reflects the cellular or tissue response to the ligand: the physiological output of the system, such as muscle ...
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the GABRA2 gene. [ 4 ] GABRA2 is an alpha subunit that is part of GABA-A receptors, which are ligand-gated chloride channels and are activated by the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, GABA .