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Français fondamental was developed by the Centre d'Etude du Français Élémentaire, which was renamed to the Centre de Recherche et d'Étude pour la Diffusion du Français (CREDIF) in 1959. It was headed by linguist Georges Gougenheim. [1] The Ministry of Education of France sanctioned and promoted it as a method of learning French.
esprit de corps lit. "spirit of the body [group]": a feeling of solidarity among members of a group; morale. Often used in connection with a military force. esprit de l'escalier lit. "wit of the stairs"; a concise, clever statement you think of too late, that is, on the stairs leaving the scene.
between two complements of a ditransitive verb: donner des cadeaux à Jean /dɔ.ne de ka.do ∅ a ʒɑ̃/ ("give presents to Jean") [citation needed] between two complete clauses: "Ils parlent et j'écoute." /il paʁl ∅ e ʒe.kut/ ("They talk and I listen.") after certain words, for example et ("and"), and all singular nouns.
They can be used to connect clauses or phrases and express relationships such as cause, condition, or concession. Some common conjunctional phrases in French include: afin que (so that) à condition que (provided that) à moins que (unless), au cas où (in case), en dépit de (despite), pour que (so that, in order that), tant que (as long as).
Tu as décidé de lui rendre visite, tu es allé voir le film, tu n'étais pas là, je ne sais pas. "You decided to visit them, you went to see the film, you were not there, I don't know." (careful speech) T'as décidé de lui rendre visite, t'es allé voir le film, t'étais pas là, je sais pas. (informal speech)
French verbs have a large number of simple (one-word) forms. These are composed of two distinct parts: the stem (or root, or radix), which indicates which verb it is, and the ending (inflection), which indicates the verb's tense (imperfect, present, future etc.) and mood and its subject's person (I, you, he/she etc.) and number, though many endings can correspond to multiple tense-mood-subject ...
The prepositions à (' to, at ') and de (' of, from ') form contracted forms with the masculine and plural articles le and les: au, du, aux, and des, respectively.. Like the, the French definite article is used with a noun referring to a specific item when both the speaker and the audience know what the item is.
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.