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The Fraudulent Mediums Act 1951 (14 & 15 Geo. 6. c. c. 33) was a law in England and Wales which prohibited a person from claiming to be a psychic , medium , or other spiritualist while attempting to deceive and to make money from the deception (other than solely for the purpose of entertainment).
The British journalist Ruth Brandon published the book The Spiritualists (1983) which exposed the fraud of the Victorian mediums. [6] The book received positive reviews and has been influential to skeptics of spiritualism. [170] The British apport medium Paul McElhoney was exposed as a fraud during a séance in Osset, Yorkshire in 1983.
The Seybert Commission stands as an example of reputable and impartial investigators concluding that Spiritualist mediums were engaging in fraud. [6] [5] The report's appendices provide a good primary source describing how Spiritualist mediums operated in the mid-1880s.
Debunking psychic fraud for Harry Houdini Rose Mackenberg (July 10, 1892 – April 10, 1968) was an American investigator specializing in fraudulent psychic mediums , known for her association with Harry Houdini .
In 1976, Keene co-authored The Psychic Mafia, "as told to" Allen Spraggett, a well-known Canadian writer on paranormal topics.The writer William V. Rauscher, himself a believer in psychic powers, [5] contributed a foreword and a bibliography and wrote that he had conducted 75 hours of interviews with Keene, during which Keene admitted that all of his psychic activities were done by fraudulent ...
In the 1920s Fritz Wittels who had attended séances with Schneider wrote that "With occult waves running high in Vienna, there was a famous medium named Rudi Schneider, a few of whose meetings I attended. Whenever I came, however, either nothing happened at all or the things which did happen were obvious frauds."
Is Spiritualism a Fraud? (AKA: The Medium Exposed ) is a 1906 British silent trick film directed by Walter R. Booth (also credited to J.H. Martin), featuring a medium exposed as a fake during a séance.
Some of the mediums that he exposed as frauds were William Eglinton, Eusapia Palladino, Henry Slade and Rosina Thompson. [8] A. T. Baird author of the book Richard Hodgson published by Psychic Press Limited, London in 1949 is the only biography of Hodgson.