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Kevlar (para-aramid) [2] is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, [ 3 ] [ 2 ] [ 4 ] the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires.
The plastic kits and covers are mostly made of synthetic polymers like polythene, and tires are manufactured from polybutadienes. [1] However, due to the environmental issues created by these synthetic polymers which are mostly non-biodegradable and often synthesized from petroleum, alternatives like bioplastics are also being considered.
Aramid fibers, short for aromatic polyamide, are a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers. They are used in aerospace and military applications, for ballistic-rated body armor fabric and ballistic composites, in marine cordage , marine hull reinforcement, as an asbestos substitute, [ 1 ] and in various lightweight consumer items ...
Zylon body armor panels sometimes cost twice as much as Kevlar or 35% more than other advanced materials. [9] Despite "sticker shock", the marketing for Zylon body armor described incredibly low weight and thickness, but shockingly high protection, causing some to refer to it as a "miracle fiber".
Molecular structure of Kevlar Molecular structure of the LCP Vectran [5]. Liquid crystallinity in polymers may occur either by dissolving a polymer in a solvent (lyotropic liquid-crystal polymers) or by heating a polymer above its glass or melting transition point (thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers). [6]
Excellent thermal stability at temperature extremes, water repellency, chemical stability and resistance to petroleum products have made Kevlar KM2 an indispensable asset to the military personnel who use it every day." [1] "Kevlar KM2 fiber is a transversely isotropic material. Its tensile stress–strain response in the axial direction is ...
Instead, CNTs undergo plastic deformation through the formation and movement of defects, primarily topological defects such as the Stone–Wales defect or 5-7-7-5 defect. The 5-7-7-5 defect can also be thought of as a pair of 5-7 defects, in which each defect is adjacent to one 5-membered and two 7-membered rings. [ 9 ]
This development was fuelled by an industrial sector with a strong economic drive and it was supported by a broad academic community that contributed innovative syntheses of monomers from cheaper raw material, more efficient polymerisation processes, improved techniques for polymer characterisation and advanced, theoretical understanding of ...
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