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IPython continues to exist as a Python shell and a kernel for Jupyter, while the notebook and other language-agnostic parts of IPython moved under the Jupyter name. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Jupyter supports execution environments (called "kernels") in several dozen languages, including Julia, R, Haskell , Ruby , and Python (via the IPython kernel).
The term user space (or userland) refers to all code that runs outside the operating system's kernel. [2] User space usually refers to the various programs and libraries that the operating system uses to interact with the kernel: software that performs input/output, manipulates file system objects, application software, etc.
Strictly speaking, an operating system (and thus, a kernel) is not required to run a computer. Programs can be directly loaded and executed on the "bare metal" machine, provided that the authors of those programs are willing to work without any hardware abstraction or operating system support. Most early computers operated this way during the ...
IPython continued to exist as a Python shell and kernel for Jupyter, but the notebook interface and other language-agnostic parts of IPython were moved under the Jupyter name. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Jupyter is language agnostic and its name is a reference to core programming languages supported by Jupyter, which are Julia , Python , and R .
After recompiling a kernel binary image from source code, a kernel panic while booting the resulting kernel is a common problem if the kernel was not correctly configured, compiled or installed. [8] Add-on hardware or malfunctioning RAM could also be sources of fatal kernel errors during start up, due to incompatibility with the OS or a missing ...
The critical parts of the OS run in kernel mode, while other software (such as system utilities and application programs) run in user mode. This serves as the fundamental distinction between the OS and other system software. The part of the system executing in the kernel mode is called the kernel, or nucleus, of the OS. The kernel is designed ...
Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
The term dead code has multiple definitions. Some use the term to refer to code (i.e. instructions in memory) which can never be executed at run-time. [1] [2] [3] In some areas of computer programming, dead code is a section in the source code of a program which is executed but whose result is never used in any other computation.