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Lower Himalayan Range in Tansen, Nepal with the Great Himalayas in the background. The Lower Himalayan Range, also called the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal, is one of the four parallel sub-ranges of the Himalayas. [1] [2] It has the Great Himalayas to the north and the Sivalik Hills to the south.
The Himalayan mountain chain is a fold and thrust belt that can be divided into four units bounded by thrusts from south to north: the Sub-Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Tethyan Himalaya. [1] The Lesser Himalayan Zone has a lower relief and elevation of the mountains compared to Greater Himalaya.
The Himalayas border the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the south, Pamir Mountains to the west in Central Asia, and the Hengduan Mountains to the east on the China–Myanmar border. From east to west the Himalayas are divided into 3 regions, Eastern Himalaya, Central Himalaya, and Western Himalaya, which collectively house several nations and states.
The Lesser Himalaya also called the Lower Himalaya, or the Midlands, is a thick (about 7 km) section of para-autochthonous crystalline rocks made up of low- to medium-grade rocks. These lower Proterozoic clastic rocks [11] are subdivided into two groups.
[1] [2] The Himalayas show a gradual elevation towards the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges. Pir Panjal is the largest and westernmost range of the Lesser Himalayas. Near the bank of the Sutlej River, it dissociates itself from the main Himalayan range and forms a divide between the Beas and Ravi rivers on one side and the Chenab on the other.
There are 5 major tectonic units in the form of fault-bounded NW-SE trending belts (Fig. 2). [3] From SW to NE they are named the Indo-Gangetic Plain, Sub-Himalayan Sequence, Lesser Himalayan Sequence, Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex and Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (Fig. 2, 3).
Himalayas from Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh. Also called the Mahabharat Range, the Lesser Himalayas is a prominent range 2,000 to 3,000 meters (6,600 to 9,800 ft) high formed along the Main Boundary Thrust fault zone, with a steep southern face and gentler northern slopes. The range is nearly continuous except for river gorges, where groups ...
The Sivalik Hills are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) from the Indus River eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is 10–50 km (6.2–31.1 mi) wide with an average elevation of 1,500–2,000 m (4,900–6,600 ft).