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Lower Himalayan Range in Tansen, Nepal with the Great Himalayas in the background. The Lower Himalayan Range, also called the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal, is one of the four parallel sub-ranges of the Himalayas. [1] [2] It has the Great Himalayas to the north and the Sivalik Hills to the south.
The Himalayan mountain chain is a fold and thrust belt that can be divided into four units bounded by thrusts from south to north: the Sub-Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, Greater Himalaya and Tethyan Himalaya. [1] The Lesser Himalayan Zone has a lower relief and elevation of the mountains compared to Greater Himalaya.
The Lesser Himalaya also called the Lower Himalaya, or the Midlands, is a thick (about 7 km) section of para-autochthonous crystalline rocks made up of low- to medium-grade rocks. These lower Proterozoic clastic rocks [11] are subdivided into two groups.
[1] [2] The Himalayas show a gradual elevation towards the Dhauladhar and Pir Panjal ranges. Pir Panjal is the largest and westernmost range of the Lesser Himalayas. Near the bank of the Sutlej River, it dissociates itself from the main Himalayan range and forms a divide between the Beas and Ravi rivers on one side and the Chenab on the other.
The Himalayas border the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the south, Pamir Mountains to the west in Central Asia, and the Hengduan Mountains to the east on the China–Myanmar border. From east to west the Himalayas are divided into 3 regions, Eastern Himalaya, Central Himalaya, and Western Himalaya, which collectively house several nations and states.
There are 5 major tectonic units in the form of fault-bounded NW-SE trending belts (Fig. 2). [3] From SW to NE they are named the Indo-Gangetic Plain, Sub-Himalayan Sequence, Lesser Himalayan Sequence, Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex and Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (Fig. 2, 3).
The lesser Himalayas (central zone): The lesser Himalayas have a gradual elevation towards the Dhauladhar and the Pir Panjal ranges. The rise is more rapid in the Shimla hills, almost 90 percent of shimla population is under 30,to the south of which is the high peak of Churdhar (3647 m).
This is a list of fire departments in the world. A fire department or fire brigade also known as a fire and rescue service or fire service is a public or private organization that provides firefighting , rescue and emergency medical services for a certain jurisdiction , which is typically a municipality , county or fire protection district.