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In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. [25] The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process. [26]
Hydroquinone is a commonly used agent in skin whiteners. The European Union banned it from cosmetics in 2000. [9] It works by decreasing melanin production. [9] Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid, may be used to whiten specific areas. [6] It may be used in combination with steroids and hydroquinone. [6]
[18] [19] Hydroquinone was the most commonly prescribed hyperpigmentation treatment before the long-term safety concerns were raised, [20] and the use of it became more regulated in several countries and discouraged in general by WHO. [21] For the US, only 2% is at present sold over-the-counter, and 4% needs prescription.
Monobenzone, also called 4-(Benzyloxy)phenol and monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone (MBEH) is an organic chemical in the phenol family with chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 OC 6 H 4 OH. [1] [2] It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation. [3] It is a colourless solid that is classified as the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone.
Fluocinolone acetonide (0.01%)/Hydroquinone (4%)/ Tretinoin (0.05%) Cream is indicated for the short-term (up to 8 weeks) treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreens.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [3] have evaluated TBHQ and determined that it is safe to consume at the concentration allowed in foods. [4] The FDA [5] and European Union [4] both set an upper limit of 0.02% (200mg/kg) of the oil or fat content in foods. At very high doses, it ...
The term dosage form may also sometimes refer only to the pharmaceutical formulation of a drug product's constituent substances, without considering its final configuration as a consumable product (e.g., capsule, patch, etc.). Due to the somewhat ambiguous nature and overlap of these terms within the pharmaceutical industry, caution is ...
Hydroxyquinone often refers to a hydroxybenzoquinone, any organic compound with formula C 6 H 4 O 3 which can be viewed as a derivative of a benzoquinone through replacement of one hydrogen atom (H) by a hydroxyl group (-OH).