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A block diagram of a bipolar HVDC transmission system, between two stations designated A and B. AC – represents an alternating current network CON – represents a converter valve, either rectifier or inverter, TR represents a power transformer, DCTL is the direct-current transmission line conductor, DCL is a direct-current filter inductor ...
The Cold War period was widely understood as one of bipolarity with the USA and the USSR as the world's two superpowers, whereas the end of the Cold War led to unipolarity with the US as the world's sole superpower in the 1990s and 2000s. Scholars have debated how to characterize the current international system. [2] [3] [4]
One wire carries a varying voltage that represents the signal, while the other wire is connected to a reference voltage, usually ground. The main alternative to single-ended signaling is called differential signaling where the two conductors carry signals equal in magnitude but of opposite electric polarity .
The New Zealand Inter-Island HVDC link is a long distance bipolar HVDC "Classic" transmission scheme that uses overhead lines and submarine cables to connect between the South and North Islands. It uses thyristor-based line-commutated converters at each end of the link for rectifying and inverting between AC and DC. The link includes ground ...
Birkeland currents are also one of a class of plasma phenomena called a z-pinch, so named because the azimuthal magnetic fields produced by the current pinches the current into a filamentary cable. This can also twist, producing a helical pinch that spirals like a twisted or braided rope, and this most closely corresponds to a Birkeland current.
In a wire with finite resistance, the induced current quickly dissipates its energy as heat, but in a superconducting loop the induced current is long-lived. By using a highly sensitive "superconducting quantum interference device" one can, in principle, detect even a single magnetic monopole.
Experts haven’t identified one exact cause of bipolar disorder. But like most other mental disorders, several things might increase a person’s risk of developing the illness. This includes an ...
By the end of 2004 all of these mercury arc valves had been replaced with solid state thyristors. Bipole 1 runs 895 kilometres (556 mi) from Radisson to Dorsey. It was originally rated to run at a maximum potential difference of ±450 kilovolts and a maximum power of 1620 megawatts. [5] This results in an electric current of 1800 amperes.