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Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEs/MPA), sold under the brand names Prempro and Premphase, is a combination product of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin), an estrogen collected from horse urine, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), a progestogen, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
Common side effects include menstrual disturbances such as absence of periods, abdominal pain, and headaches. [10] More serious side effects include bone loss, blood clots, allergic reactions, and liver problems. [10] Use is not recommended during pregnancy as it may harm the baby. [10]
Headache, breast pain or tenderness, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, vaginal discharge or irritation, and mood changes are some of the common side effects that may occur while using an estrogen patch. [10] More serious side effects may include fever, loss of appetite, joint pain, difficulty breathing or swallowing, and yellowing of the skin or eyes.
Estrogen dosages for menopausal hormone therapy; Route/form Estrogen Low Standard High Oral: Estradiol: 0.5–1 mg/day: 1–2 mg/day: 2–4 mg/day Estradiol valerate: 0.5–1 mg/day: 1–2 mg/day: 2–4 mg/day Estradiol acetate: 0.45–0.9 mg/day: 0.9–1.8 mg/day: 1.8–3.6 mg/day Conjugated estrogens: 0.3–0.45 mg/day: 0.625 mg/day: 0.9–1. ...
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Effects of menopause can include symptoms such as hot flashes , accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness , decreased muscle mass , and ...
Examples of such side effects include breast tenderness and enlargement, nausea, vomiting, bloating, edema, headache, migraine, and melasma. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] High-dose estrogen therapy with estradiol cypionate injections may also cause an increased risk of thromboembolism , changes in blood lipid profile , increased insulin resistance , and ...
However, the risk with low-dose combined hormonal contraceptives remain relatively low in most cases. Health providers may recommend against formulations with estrogen in women with certain risk factors including personal or family history of blood clots, pregnancy and the first 3 weeks postpartum, obesity, inactivity, and coagulation disorders.
Some lesser known uses are as a means of high-dose estrogen therapy in the treatment of breast cancer in both women and men and in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. [22] [23] It has been used at a dosage of 2.5 mg three times per day (7.5 mg/day total) for prostate cancer. [24] [25]