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An incubator is a device simulating avian incubation by keeping eggs warm at a particular temperature range and in the correct humidity with a turning mechanism to hatch them. The common names of the incubator in other terms include breeding / hatching machines or hatchers , setters , and egg breeding / equipment .
The humidity is also critical, because if the air is too dry the egg will lose too much water to the atmosphere, which can make hatching difficult or impossible. As incubation proceeds, an egg will normally become lighter, and the air space within the egg will normally become larger, owing to evaporation from the egg.
The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a large and round short-winged bird, domesticated from the red junglefowl of Southeast Asia around 8,000 years ago. Most chickens are raised for food, providing meat and eggs ; others are kept as pets [ 1 ] or for cockfighting .
Temperature control system maintained temperatures between 37.8–37.9°C using a thermistor-regulator, with real-time monitoring at the embryo level. The study set a milestone, showing that chick embryos could survive up to 18 days in opened shells within this incubator. [11]
More elaborate incubators can also include the ability to lower the temperature (via refrigeration), or the ability to control humidity or CO 2 levels. This is important in the cultivation of mammalian cells, where the relative humidity is typically >80% to prevent evaporation and a slightly acidic pH is achieved by maintaining a CO 2 level of 5%.
However, for boneless, skinless chicken breast, the amount is much lower. 100 grams (3.5 oz) of raw chicken breast contains 2 grams (0.071 oz) of fat and 22 grams (0.78 oz) of protein, compared to 9 grams (0.32 oz) of fat and 20 grams (0.71 oz) of protein for the same portion of raw beef flank steak.
The morphology of the limbs, starting with the appearance of wing bud at stage 16, is a useful landmark for staging chick embryos until hatching. Between stages 15 and 35, the appearance of specific structures within the limbs (such as joints and digits); at later stages the length of the toes are used.
An 1895 report from the American Counsel in Egypt stated there were "150 egg-ovens, each with a hatching capacity of 300,000 each season". The report also stated the importance of the poultry industry in Egypt. [13] In the 1910s it was reported that Egyptian poultry farmers used these incubators to produce over 90,000,000 chickens per year. [14]
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3579 S High St, Columbus, OH · Directions · (614) 409-0683