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Crime novelist Dennis Lehane's 2023 novel Small Mercies uses the forced busing of Boston schoolchildren in 1974 as a backdrop to its plot. [69] Forced integration was the subject of the documentary film The Busing Battleground which was directed by Sharon Grimberg and Cyndee Readdean and first aired on American Experience on September 11, 2023 ...
Desegregation busing (also known simply as busing or integrated busing or forced busing) was an attempt to diversify the racial make-up of schools in the United States by sending students to school districts other than their own. [1] While the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision in Brown v.
Although Boston was by no means the only American city to undertake a plan of school desegregation, the forced busing of students from some of the city's most impoverished and racially segregated neighborhoods led to an unprecedented level of violence and turmoil in the city's streets and classrooms and made national headlines. [1]
Begun in 1966, it is a national model for the few other voluntary desegregation busing programs operating in the early decades of the 21st century. [1] The program enrolls Boston resident students in Kindergarten through 12th grade into available seats in suburban public schools.
Boston's fare-free MBTA bus route pilot program began solely with the MBTA Route 28 bus (pictured) In June 2021, Acting Boston Mayor Janey announced that the city would be funding a $500,000 three-month pilot that would see the MBTA's Route 28 bus be made fare-free. In 2019, as a city councilor, she and fellow councilor Michelle Wu had ...
Morgan v. Hennigan was the case that defined the school busing controversy in Boston, Massachusetts during the 1970s. On March 14, 1972, the Boston chapter of the NAACP filed a class action lawsuit against the Boston School Committee on behalf of 14 black parents and 44 children. [1]
As a federal judge, Garrity was at the center of a contentious battle over desegregation busing in Boston from the 1970s to the 1980s. He found a recurring pattern of racial discrimination in the operation of the Boston public schools in a 1974 ruling. [3] His ruling found the schools were unconstitutionally segregated. [3]
The desegregation of Boston public schools (1974–1988) was a period in which the Boston Public Schools were under court control to desegregate through a system of busing students. The call for desegregation and the first years of its implementation led to a series of racial protests and riots that brought national attention, particularly from ...