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The Academy of Foreign Intelligence (alternatively known as the SVR Academy, [1] previously known as the Yuri Andropov Red Banner Institute and the Red Banner Institute) [2] is one of the primary espionage academies of Russia, and previously the Soviet Union, serving the KGB and its successor organization, the Foreign Intelligence Service.
The Committee for State Security (Russian: Комитет государственной безопасности, romanized: Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti, IPA: [kəmʲɪˈtʲed ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ]), abbreviated as KGB (Russian: КГБ, IPA: [ˌkɛɡɛˈbɛ]; listen to both ⓘ) was the main security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 to 1991.
On 9 September 1991, the KGB of the MSSR was transformed into the Ministry of National Security (now the Information and Security Service of the Republic of Moldova). [2] Established in 1954, its rights were limited by the early 1960s, with the KGB border guard, once subordinated to the Moldavian KGB, reported directly to party leaders in Moscow.
Meticulous. Reticent. Clever, but never showy about it. Ever the watcher. It was 1989. The young Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was a KGB officer in the then-East German city of Dresden, and it was ...
The KGB, which emerged from the NKVD, was based in a huge closed-off complex in Berlin-Karlshorst from 1953 onwards. [9] This complex was later expanded to become the KGB's largest field office abroad. [10] The KGB coordinated actions by Soviet agents from here, including assassination attempts in West Germany.
The chairman of the KGB was the head of the Committee for State Security , the main security agency of the Soviet Union in 1954–1991. He was assisted by one or two first deputy chairmen, and four to six deputy chairmen.
From the mid-1930s and until the creation of the KGB, this "Organ of State Security" was re-organized and renamed multiple times. In 1941, the state-security function was separated from the NKVD and became the People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB), only to be reintegrated a few months later during the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union .
According to Yuri Bezmenov, a defector from the Soviet KGB, psychological warfare activities accounted for 85% of all KGB efforts (the other 15% being direct espionage and intelligence gathering). Bezmenov put the process into the four stages "destabilize, demoralize, crisis, normalization" where an enemy country would be undermined over ...