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Thornburg v. Gingles, 478 U.S. 30 (1986), was a United States Supreme Court case in which a unanimous Court found that "the legacy of official discrimination ... acted in concert with the multimember districting scheme to impair the ability of "cohesive groups of black voters to participate equally in the political process and to elect candidates of their choice."
Proposition 11 of 2008 (or the Voters FIRST Act) was a law enacted by California voters that placed the power to draw electoral boundaries for State Assembly and State Senate districts in a Citizens Redistricting Commission, as opposed to the State Legislature. To do this the Act amended both the Constitution of California and the Government ...
Redistricted to the 12th district. 1983–1993 The 11th district that Lantos served from 1981 until 1993 included a small portion of San Francisco, as well as Daly City and San Mateo. Most of San Mateo: Richard Pombo : Republican: January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2007 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th: Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994.
The district is centered on the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. It includes the far northeastern corner of the San Francisco Bay Area and the southwestern corner of the Sacramento Valley. The Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers converge here, and a significant part of the district is low-lying and/or reclaimed.
The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC) is an agreement among a group of U.S. states and the District of Columbia to award all their electoral votes to whichever presidential ticket wins the overall popular vote in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
The district was created in 1925 after a new city charter was passed, which replaced the former "at large" voting system for a nine-member council with a district system with a 15-member council. The 11th District originally encompassed an area south of Downtown before being moved to the Venice area in 1928, where it has stayed since.
The district was established in 1994, when the board transitioned from holding elections in individual districts, as opposed to the previous practice of having two multi-member districts districts: one for ten members from the city of Chicago and another for seven members from suburban Cook County.
Allen v. Milligan, 599 U. S. 1 (2023), [note 1] is a United States Supreme Court case related to redistricting under the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA). The appellees and respondents argued that Alabama's congressional districts discriminated against African-American voters.