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Many anatomical terms can be combined, either to indicate a position in two axes simultaneously or to indicate the direction of a movement relative to the body. For example, "anterolateral" indicates a position that is both anterior and lateral to the body axis (such as the bulk of the pectoralis major muscle).
Axial – along the center of a round body, or the axis of rotation of a body; Radial – along a direction pointing along a radius from the center of an object, or perpendicular to a curved path. Circumferential (or azimuthal) – following around a curve or circumference of an object.
An anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements. In human and non-human anatomy, three principal planes are used: The sagittal plane or lateral plane (longitudinal, anteroposterior) is a plane parallel to the sagittal suture. It divides the body ...
The inner ligaments limit rotation of the head and are very strong. The weak apical ligament lies in front of the upper longitudinal bone of the cruciform ligament and joins the apex of the deltoid peg to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. It is the fibrous remnant of the notochord.
The radius is named so because the radius (bone) acts like the radius (of a circle). It rotates around the ulna and the far end (where it joins to the bones of the hand), known as the styloid process of the radius, is [clarification needed] the distance from the ulna (center of the circle) to the edge of the radius (the circle). The ulna acts ...
The direction of terms are opposite to those in the foot because of embryological rotation of the limbs in opposite directions. [10] Palmarflexion is flexion of the wrist towards the palm and ventral side of forearm. [30] Dorsiflexion is hyperextension of the wrist joint, towards the dorsal side of forearm. [30]
Radial referring to the radius bone, seen laterally in the standard anatomical position. Ulnar referring to the ulna bone, medially positioned when in the standard anatomical position. Additional terminology is used to describe the movement and actions of the hands and feet, and other structures such as the eyes.
The gyration radius is useful in estimating the stiffness of a column. If the principal moments of the two-dimensional gyration tensor are not equal, the column will tend to buckle around the axis with the smaller principal moment. For example, a column with an elliptical cross-section will tend to buckle in the direction of the smaller semiaxis.