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This pain can also be caused by psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression, which can affect the onset and severity of pain experienced. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential ...
An example of the fear-avoidance model, anxiety sensitivity stems from the fear that the symptoms of anxiety will lead to harmful social and physical effects. As a result, the individual delays the situation by avoiding any stimuli related to pain-inducing situations and activities, becoming restricted in normal daily function.
An anxiety disorder is anxiety or fear that interferes with normal functioning may be classified as an anxiety disorder. [40] Commonly recognized categories include specific phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , social anxiety disorder , panic disorder , agoraphobia , obsessive–compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder .
Schematic of diathesis–stress model. The diathesis-stress model, also known as the vulnerability–stress model, is a psychological theory that attempts to explain a disorder, or its trajectory, as the result of an interaction between a predispositional vulnerability, the diathesis, and stress caused by life experiences.
Abdominal cramps or pain 39 Cough 31 Fatigue, drowsiness or weakness 31 Sore or burning throat 30 Hyperventilation or difficulty breathing 19 Watery or irritated eyes 13 Chest tightness/chest pain 12 Inability to concentrate/trouble thinking 11 Vomiting 10 Tingling, numbness or paralysis 10 Anxiety or nervousness 8 Diarrhea 7 Trouble with vision 7
Anxiety is an emotion characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events. [1] [2] [3] Anxiety is different from fear in that fear is defined as the emotional response to a present threat, whereas anxiety is the anticipation of a future one. [4]
Some known causes that increase the risk of having a panic attack include medical and psychiatric conditions (e.g., panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorder, depression), substances (e.g., nicotine, caffeine), and psychological stress.
The correlations between the specific anxiety scale (anxious arousal) in the MASQ and NA were moderate (rs= .41 and .47), supporting that NA is specific to anxiety disorders, congruent with the tripartite model. [10] Another study consisted of a sample of children (ages 7–14) diagnosed with a principal anxiety disorder.