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  2. Two-stroke power valve system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke_power_valve_system

    A stroke is the action of a piston travelling the full length of its cylinder.In a two-stroke engine, one of the two strokes combines primarily the intake stroke and the combustion stroke, while the other stroke primarily combines the compression stroke and the exhaust stroke, though technically since both ports are exposed during both the combustion and compression strokes, some reversion ...

  3. Valve timing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_timing

    Valve timing diagram for a 4-stroke engine. With traditional fixed valve timing, an engine will have a period of "valve overlap" at the end of the exhaust stroke, when both the intake and exhaust valves are open. The intake valve is opened before the exhaust gases have completely left the cylinder, and their considerable velocity assists in ...

  4. Two- and four-stroke engines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-_and_four-stroke_engines

    The shaft of the four-stroke piston rotates twice as fast as the shaft of the two-stroke piston, and the two-stroke part always runs at half speed. This ensures that both parts work optimally regarding fuel consumption at all times. The same principles apply to having two distinct engines, but the design of the M4+2 is much simpler.

  5. Four-stroke power valve system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_power_valve_system

    A four-stroke power valve is a device fitted to four-stroke engines that constantly adjusts the internal diameter of the exhaust system to better suit the speed of the engine. Yamaha was the first to develop such a system, called the Exhaust Ultimate Power Valve (EXUP). [1] It first appeared on the Yamaha FZR EXUP and was later used on many ...

  6. Mitsubishi 4B1 engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_4B1_engine

    The difference in displacement is achieved by variance in bore and stroke. [4] The 4B1 engine family is the first to have the continuously variable valve timing MIVEC system applied not only to its intake valves but also to its exhaust valves. The intake and exhaust cam timing is continuously independently controlled and provide four optimized ...

  7. Scavenging (engine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavenging_(engine)

    Crossflow cylinder heads are used by most modern 4-stroke engines, whereby the intake ports are located on one side of the combustion chamber and the exhaust ports are on the other side. The momentum of the gases assists in scavenging during the 'overlap' phase (when the intake and exhaust valves are simultaneously open).

  8. Two-stroke engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke_engine

    Animation of a two-stroke engine. A two-stroke (or two-stroke cycle) engine is a type of internal combustion engine that completes a power cycle with two strokes of the piston (one up and one down movement) in one revolution of the crankshaft in contrast to a four-stroke engine which requires four strokes of the piston in two crankshaft revolutions to complete a power cycle.

  9. Miller cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_cycle

    The engine (whether four-stroke or two-stroke) has a conventional valve or port layout, but an additional "compression control valve" (CCV) is in the cylinder head. The servo mechanism, operated by inlet manifold pressure, controls the lift of the CCV during part of the compression stroke and releases air from the cylinder to the exhaust manifold.