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Pulsatile intravenous insulin therapy, sometimes called metabolic activation therapy or cellular activation therapy, describes in a literal sense the intravenous injection of insulin in pulses versus continuous infusions. Injection of insulin in pulses mimics the physiological secretions of insulin by the pancreas into the portal vein which ...
Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by Charles Best and Frederick Banting in 1922. [85] [86] This is a chronology of key milestones in the history of the medical use of insulin. For more details on the discovery, extraction, purification, clinical use, and synthesis of insulin, see Insulin
Intravesical infusion is into the urinary bladder. Intravitreal, through the eye. Subcutaneous (under the skin). [22] This generally takes the form of subcutaneous injection, e.g. with insulin. Skin popping is a slang term that includes subcutaneous injection, and is usually used in association with recreational drugs.
Insulin is a peptide hormone containing two chains cross-linked by disulfide bridges. Insulin (/ ˈ ɪ n. sj ʊ. l ɪ n /, [5] [6] from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene. It is the main anabolic hormone of the body. [7]
The hyperglycemic clamps are often used to assess insulin secretion capacity. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique: The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained at 100 μU/ml by a continuous infusion of insulin. Meanwhile, the plasma glucose concentration is held constant at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion.
Exercise decreases insulin requirements as exercise increases glucose uptake by body cells whose glucose is controlled by the insulin. [21] Insulin therapy creates risk because of the inability to continuously know a person's BG level and adjust insulin infusion appropriately. New advances in technology have overcome much of this problem.
The infusion tubing and cannula must be removed and replaced every few days. An insulin pump can be programmed to infuse a steady amount of rapid-acting insulin under the skin. This steady infusion is termed the basal rate and is designed to supply the background insulin needs.
Regular insulin, also known as neutral insulin and soluble insulin, is a type of short-acting medical insulin. [2] It is used to treat type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , gestational diabetes , and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states . [ 5 ]
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