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Adverse effects are typically limited to gastrointestinal reactions and include abdominal pain or cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. [12] Regular use of senna products can lead to a characteristic brown pigmentation of the internal colonic wall seen on colonoscopy. This abnormal pigmentation is known as melanosis coli. [14]
Denosumab, sold under the brand names Prolia among others, is a human monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. [11] [12] The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs. [13]
Bisphosphonates are used to treat osteoporosis, osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of the bone), bone metastasis (with or without hypercalcemia), multiple myeloma, and other conditions involving fragile, breakable bone. In osteoporosis and Paget's, the most popular first-line bisphosphonate drugs are alendronate and risedronate.
Particular medications can result in MRONJ, a serious but uncommon side effect in certain individuals. Such medications are frequently used to treat diseases that cause bone resorption such as osteoporosis, or to treat cancer. The main groups of drugs involved are anti-resorptive drugs, and anti-angiogenic drugs.
These include osteoporosis, high blood calcium due to cancer, bone breakdown due to cancer, Paget's disease of bone [3] and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). It is given by injection into a vein. [3] Common side effects include fever, joint pain, high blood pressure, diarrhea, and feeling tired. [3]
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [ 4 ] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D , calcium supplementation , and lifestyle changes.
The most common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache and eczema, but with only 2–4% increase compared with placebo group. Most of those side effects resolved within 3 months. Occasional severe allergic reactions have been reported including drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) [11]
For osteoporosis it is less preferred than bisphosphonates. [6] It is also used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in those at high risk. [6] It is taken by mouth. [6] Common side effects include hot flashes, leg cramps, swelling, and joint pain. [6] Severe side effects may include blood clots and stroke. [6] Use during pregnancy may harm the ...