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A bill of lading (/ ˈ l eɪ d ɪ ŋ /) (sometimes abbreviated as B/L or BOL) is a document issued by a carrier (or their agent) to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. [1] Although the term is historically related only to carriage by sea, a bill of lading may today be used for any type of carriage of goods. [ 2 ]
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA) [1] is a United States statute governing the rights and responsibilities between shippers of cargo and ship-owners regarding ocean shipments to and from the United States.
Consignees (or indeed any lawful holder of the bill of lading) [6] who wishes to make a cargo claim because their goods are substandard or have been lost or damaged at sea, typically have four options: They may sue the seller, the shipper, or the carrier; or they may claim from their own insurance policy.
The Bills of Lading Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 111) was commendably brief and proved useful, but as time went by certain defects became apparent. [3]The English courts devised some ways round the problem: in Brandt v Liverpool (1924) [4] [5] the concept of implied contracts was developed, although the courts proved reluctant to use this concept. [6]
In general, a bill of lading serves as a legal instrument focusing on and documenting such issues as ownership, whereas a cargo manifest is often more concerned with physical aspects of the cargo, such as weight and size. When the cargo is being shipped by several different shipping companies on the same vessel, there will usually be separate ...
A waybill is a document issued by a carrier giving details and instructions relating to the shipment of a consignment of cargo. [1] Typically it will show the names of the consignor and consignee, the point of origin of the consignment, its destination, and route.
The Hague Rules of 1924 (formally the "International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, and Protocol of Signature") [1] is an international convention to impose minimum standards upon commercial carriers of goods by sea.
By contrast, the shipper has fewer obligations (mostly implicit), namely: (i) to pay freight; (ii) to pack the goods sufficiently for the journey; (iii) to describe the goods honestly and accurately; (iv) not to ship dangerous cargoes (unless agreed by both parties); and (v) to have the goods ready for shipment as agreed; (q.v."notice of ...