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The N1 (from Ракета-носитель Raketa-nositel', "Carrier Rocket"; Cyrillic: Н1) [5] was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit. The N1 was the Soviet counterpart to the US Saturn V and was intended to enable crewed travel to the Moon and beyond, [ 6 ] with studies beginning as early as ...
N1, Proton, Proton-K: Retired Blok DM-03 Russia: Proton-M: Angara A5: In service Blok DM-SL Soviet Union Russia: Zenit-3SL: In service Briz-KM Russia: Rokot: Angara 1.2: In service Briz-M Russia: Proton-K, Proton-M, Angara A5: In service Castor 30 United States: Antares: In service Centaur United States
The only Universal Rocket to make it past the design phase was the UR-500 while the N1 was selected to be the Soviets' HLV for lunar and Martian missions. [65] The UR-900, proposed in 1969, would have had a payload capacity of 240 t (530,000 lb) to low earth orbit. It never left the drawing board. [66]
Documentary video on Russian rocket engine development of the NK-33 and its predecessors for the N1 rocket. (NK-33 story starts at 24:15–26:00 (program shuttered in 1974); the 1990s resurgence and eventual sale of the remaining engines from storage starts at 27:25; first use on a US rocket launch in May 2000.) NK-33's specifications
Blok D (Russian: Блок Д, lit. 'Block D') is an upper stage used on Soviet and later Russian expendable launch systems, including the N1, Proton-K and Zenit. [2]The stage (and its derivatives) has been included in more than 320 launched rockets as of 2015. [3]
Four N1 launches were attempted including two later with dummy LK but all were failures, despite engineering improvements after each failure. The second launch attempt on July 3, 1969, just 13 days prior to the launch of Apollo 11 , was a catastrophic failure which destroyed both the rocket and the launch complex.
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The RD 270 was also considered for the R-56 rocket (although never formally adopted) until work on the design stopped in June 1964. [2] [3] During development, Glushko studied the use of Pentaborane propellants in a modified RD-270M engine. This would have created immense toxicity problems but increased the specific impulse of the engine by 42 ...