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In the following example, the list of references in the group note is missing:. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<ref group="note">Reference 1</ref> Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Ex. 1) There are three references defined in the list, but none are invoked in the content: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). message, but the missing tag causes the reference to "eat" the reference following in the list. Since that reference is undefined, the message. The named reference $1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page). displays for both references.
Sometimes the reference list markup exists, but the message is shown because the <ref> tag immediately before the reference list markup does not have a closing </ref> or it is malformed, thus hiding the rest of the text in the article, including the reference list.
The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the help page). The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). The <ref> tag name cannot be a simple integer (see the help page). A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). The named reference $1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
There are a few subpages that can be used to test automated tools. To use these subpages, cut and paste this entire page, then use the tool to repair the errors.
The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks ("); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name. You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.
Cite error: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name (see the help page). Reference 1</ref> Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. [1] Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.