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Contrabass (from Italian: contrabbasso) refers to several musical instruments of very low pitch—generally one octave below bass register instruments. While the term most commonly refers to the double bass (which is the bass instrument in the orchestral string family, tuned lower than the cello), many other instruments in the contrabass register exist.
The subcontrabass flute is a member of the Western concert flute family. With the length of tubing ranging from 4.6 metres (15 ft) (when in G) to 5.5 metres (18 ft) long (when in C), it is the second largest instrument of the family after the hyperbass flute .
The strength of the instruments can be directly assessed because both the endogenous covariates and the instruments are observable. [20] A common rule of thumb for models with one endogenous regressor is: the F-statistic against the null that the excluded instruments are irrelevant in the first-stage regression should be larger than 10.
The subcontrabass tuba is a rare instrument of the tuba family built an octave or more below the modern contrabass tuba. Only a very small number of these large ...
Until recently, it was the largest instrument in the recorder family, but since 1975 has been exceeded by the sub-great bass recorder (also called "contra-great bass" or simply "contrabass" recorder) in C 2 and the sub-contrabass recorder in F 1. Due to the length of the instrument, the lowest tone, F, requires a key.
An upright bass flute being played by Carla Rees A contra-bass flute. The bass flute is a member of the flute family pitched one octave below the concert flute.The tubing length is twice as long at 146 cm (57 in), which requires a J-shaped head joint to bring the embouchure hole within reach of the player.
Although described in Adolphe Sax's patent in 1846, a practical, playable subcontrabass saxophone did not exist until the 21st century. [2] An oversized saxophone that might have qualified was built as a prop circa 1965; it could produce tones, but its non-functional keywork required assistants to manually open and close the pads, and it was reportedly incapable of playing a simple scale.