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The modern biathlon is a civilian variant of the old military combined exercise. [3] In Norway, the biathlon was until 1984 a branch of Det frivillige Skyttervesen, an organization set up by the government to promote civilian marksmanship in support of national defence. In Norwegian, the biathlon is called skiskyting (literally ski shooting). [4]
The biathlete shoots four times at any shooting lane, in the order of prone, standing, prone, standing, totalling 20 targets. Competitors' starts are staggered, normally by 30 seconds. The distance skied is usually 20 kilometres (12.4 mi) with a fixed penalty time of one minute per missed target that is added to the skiing time of the biathlete.
Biathlon stocks tend to be built for performance, and often have some unique ergonomic design features compared to traditional rifle stocks. One of these features is the shape of the pistol grip, which often has a distinct thumb rest, allowing the thumb of the firing hand to rest pointing upwards.
Like in the sport of biathlon, participants start with running, and alternate between running and shooting series of three arrows at a 16-centimetre-wide (6.3 in) target from 18 m (20 yards) away. For scoring, it does not matter whether the target is hit in the center or at the edge. For each missed target the athlete must run a penalty loop.
BMW [1] 2023–24 Biathlon World Cup. The Biathlon World Cup is a top-level biathlon season-long competition series. It has been held since the winter seasons of 1977–78 for men and 1982–83 for women. The women's seasons until 1986–87 season were called the European Cup, although participation was not restricted to Europeans.
The IBU Summer Biathlon is a sporting event organized by the International Biathlon Union (IBU) which combines trail running or roller skiing and rifle shooting, [1][2] or sometimes trail running and rifle shooting. [3] It is modeled after the IBU (winter) biathlon, which is an Olympic sport that combines rifle shooting with cross-country skiing.
Shooting sports is a group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy, precision and speed in shooting — the art of using ranged weapons, mainly small arms (firearms and airguns, in forms such as handguns, [1] rifles [2] and shotguns [3]) and bows/crossbows.
Since the Top 30 scoring system was implemented in 1991–92., the number of completed men's or women's World Cup races each year has ranged from 30 to 44, so the maximum possible point total for an individual racer is about 3000–4400 under the current scoring system. Very few racers actually ski in all events.