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Petrochemical industry in Romania. The emergence of oil production in the territory now known as Romania dates back to 1857, [1] with oil facilities gaining strategic military significance in 1916 during World War I. Throughout World War II, the Kingdom of Romania held the position as the largest oil producer in Europe, second only to the USSR ...
19 dead and 97 wounded. 101 civilians killed and 238 injured. Operation Tidal Wave was an air attack by bombers of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) based in Libya on nine oil refineries around Ploiești, Romania, on 1 August 1943, during World War II. It was a strategic bombing mission and part of the "oil campaign" to deny petroleum ...
The Allied oil campaign of World War II[4]: 11 was an aerial bombing campaign conducted by the RAF and the USAAF against facilities supplying Nazi Germany with petroleum, oil, and lubrication (POL) products. It formed part of the immense Allied strategic bombing effort during the war.
The Kingdom of Romania, under the rule of King Carol II, was initially a neutral country in World War II. However, Fascist political forces, especially the Iron Guard, rose in popularity and power, urging an alliance with Nazi Germany and its allies. As the military fortunes of Romania's two main guarantors of territorial integrity—France and ...
While earlier objectives were set to destroy 60-70% of Romania's oil production, [14] the plans were delayed in early 1944 due to General Eisenhower and Air chief marshal Tedder insisting on focusing to the "Overlord air plan" and targeting the German rail network in France.
Soviet Red Army troops captured Ploiești on 24 August 1944. Following the war, the new Communist régime of Romania nationalised the oil industry, which had largely been privately owned, and made massive investments in the oil- and petroleum-industry in a bid to modernise the country and to repair the war damage.
On 27 May 1940, Germany signed the "Oil Pact" with Romania, by which Germany would trade arms for oil. Romania's oil production amounted to approximately 6,000,000 tons annually. This production represents 35% of the total fuel production of the Axis, including synthetic products and substitutes, and 70% of the total production of crude oil. [60]
The application of radical agricultural reforms and the passing of a new constitution created a democratic framework and allowed for quick economic growth (industrial production doubled between 1923 and 1938, despite the effects of the Great Depression in Romania). Until World War II, Romania was Europe's second-largest oil and food producer. [55]