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Outsiders (1963) Howard Saul Becker (April 18, 1928 – August 16, 2023) was an American sociologist who taught at Northwestern University. Becker made contributions to the sociology of deviance, sociology of art, and sociology of music. [ 2 ] Becker also wrote extensively on sociological writing styles and methodologies. [ 2 ]
This work became the manifesto of the labeling theory movement among sociologists. In his opening, Becker writes: "…social groups create deviance by making rules whose infraction creates deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labeling them as outsiders.
The term moral entrepreneur was coined by sociologist Howard S. Becker in Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance (1963) in order to help explore the relationship between law and morality, as well as to explain how deviant social categories become defined and entrenched. [1]
Frank Tannenbaum and Howard S. Becker created and developed the labeling theory, which is a core facet of symbolic interactionism, and often referred to as Tannenbaum's "dramatization of evil." Becker believed that "social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance". [18]
An art world, as with any segment of society, is defined in terms of mutually understood conventions (social norms, roles, and institutions) that are the basis for cooperative activity between members of a group who may not interact directly. [3]: 46. Howard S. Becker describes an art world as "the network of people whose cooperative activity ...
Howard P. Becker was brought up by his mother and stepfather in Reno and Winnemucca, Nevada, where he attended local schools. He earned his undergraduate degree at Northwestern University, and completed a master's and doctorate in sociology at the University of Chicago . Becker became a full professor of sociology at University of Wisconsin ...
Theory and method. The Chicago school is best known for its urban sociology and for the development of the symbolic interactionist approach, notably through the work of Herbert Blumer. It has focused on human behavior as shaped by social structures and physical environmental factors, rather than genetic and personal characteristics.
Gary Stanley Becker (/ ˈ b ɛ k ər /; December 2, 1930 – May 3, 2014) was an American economist who received the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. [1] He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago, and was a leader of the third generation of the Chicago school of economics.