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The Social Ecological Model of Health. The social ecological model conceptualizes health broadly and focuses on multiple factors that might affect health. This broad approach to thinking of health, advanced in the 1947 Constitution of the World Health Organization, includes physical, mental, and social well-being (World Health Organization, 1947).
Learn about the ecological perspective for understanding health behavior at the individual, organizational, community, and national level.
The social ecological model conceptualizes health broadly and focuses on multiple factors that might affect health. This broad approach to thinking of health, advanced in the 1947 Constitution of the World Health Organization, includes physical, mental, and social well-being (World Health Organization, 1947).
Ecological models help us to understand how people interact with their environments. That understanding can be used to develop effective multi-level approaches to improve health behaviors. The basic premise of the ecological perspective is simple.
We build on the social ecological model, a framework widely employed in public health research and practice, by turning it inside out, placing health-related and other social policies and environments at the center, and conceptualizing the ways in which individuals, their social networks, and organized groups produce a community context that ...
Ecological models acknowledge the importance of human-environment interactions in understanding and changing behavior. These models incorporate multiple levels of influence on behavior, including policy, community, organizational, social, and individual.
Since the 1980s, ecological models of health promotion have generated a great deal of enthusiasm among researchers and interventionists. These models emerged from conceptual developments in other fields, and only selected elements of the ecological approach have been integrated into them.
The core concept of an ecological model is that behavior has multiple levels of influences, often including intrapersonal (biological, psychological), interpersonal (social, cultural), organizational, community, physical environmental, and policy.
The Institute of Medicine has defined the ecological model as "a model of health that emphasizes the linkages and relationships among multiple factors (or determinants) affecting health.”
In this chapter we provide a brief history of ecological models as applied to health behavior and describe ecological models as contemporary frameworks for integrating the theories and models outlined in the following four parts of this book.