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  2. Fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction

    A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or ⁠ ⁠, where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include ⁠ 1 2 ⁠, − ⁠ 8 5 ⁠, ⁠ −8 5 ⁠, and ⁠ 8 −5 ⁠.

  3. Numbered musical notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbered_musical_notation

    Numbered musical notation. The numbered musical notation (simplified Chinese: 简谱; traditional Chinese: 簡譜; pinyin: jiǎnpǔ; lit. 'simplified notation', not to be confused with the integer notation) is a cipher notation system used in Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and to some extent in Japan, Indonesia (in a slightly different ...

  4. Knuth's up-arrow notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth's_up-arrow_notation

    Knuth's up-arrow notation. In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. [ 1] In his 1947 paper, [ 2] R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. Goodstein also suggested the Greek names tetration, pentation ...

  5. Time signature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_signature

    Most time signatures consist of two numerals, one stacked above the other: The lower numeral indicates the note value that the signature is counting. This number is always a power of 2 (unless the time signature is irrational), usually 2, 4 or 8, but less often 16 is also used, usually in Baroque music. 2 corresponds to the half note (minim), 4 to the quarter note (crotchet), 8 to the eighth ...

  6. Simpson's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson's_rule

    Simpson's 1/3 rule. [] Simpson's 1/3 rule, also simply called Simpson's rule, is a method for numerical integration proposed by Thomas Simpson. It is based upon a quadratic interpolation and is the composite Simpson's 1/3 rule evaluated for . Simpson's 1/3 rule is as follows: where is the step size for .

  7. Gregg shorthand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_shorthand

    Gregg shorthand is a system of phonography, or a phonemic writing system, which means it records the sounds of the speaker, not the English spelling. [ 4] For example, it uses the f stroke for the / f / sound in funnel, telephone, and laugh, [ 8] and omits all silent letters. [ 4] The system is written from left to right and the letters are joined.

  8. Simplification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplification

    Simplification is the process of replacing a mathematical expression by an equivalent one, that is simpler (usually shorter), for example. Simplification of algebraic expressions, in computer algebra. Simplification of boolean expressions i.e. logic optimization. Simplification by conjunction elimination in inference in logic yields a simpler ...

  9. Relation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [ 1] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3 ), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4 ), but not between the ...