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This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital flight attempt as of 2024; a second list includes all upcoming rockets.
Cost: Price for a launch at this time, in millions of US$ ... (Proton-M) 430 [ax] 382: Active 1965 ... 1 successful flight with Buran shuttle.
Space launch market competition is the manifestation of market forces in the launch service provider business. In particular it is the trend of competitive dynamics among payload transport capabilities at diverse prices having a greater influence on launch purchasing than the traditional political considerations of country of manufacture or the national entity using, regulating or licensing ...
Histidine (symbol His or H) [2] is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH 3 + form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO − form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a ...
A heavy-lift launch vehicle (HLV) is an orbital launch vehicle capable of generating a large amount of lift to reach its intended orbit. Heavy-lift launch vehicles generally are capable of lifting payloads between 20,000 to 50,000 kg (44,000 to 110,000 lb) (by NASA classification) or between 20,000 to 100,000 kilograms (44,000 to 220,000 lb) (by Russian classification) [1] into low Earth orbit ...
Spacecraft Origin Manufacturer Launch vehicle Length (m) Dry mass (kg) Launch mass (kg) Payload (kg) § Payload volume (m 3) Return payload (kg) § Diameter (m)
A space elevator built according to the Edwards proposal is estimated to have total cost of about $40 billion (that figure includes $1.56 billions operational costs for first 10 years). Subsequent space elevators are estimated to cost only $14.3 billion each. [14] For comparison, in potentially the same time frame as the elevator:
Energia-2 was an evolution of the Energia studied in the 1980s. Unlike the Energia-Buran, which was planned to be semi-reusable (like the U.S. Space Shuttle), the GK-175 concept was to have allowed the recovery and reuse of all elements of the vehicle, similarly to the original, fully reusable Orbiter/Booster concept of the U.S. Shuttle.