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In OData protocol version 4.0, JSON format is the standard for representing data, with the Atom format still being in committee specification stage. For representing the data model, the Common Schema Definition Language (CSDL) is used, which defines an XML representation of the entity data model exposed by OData services.
GraphQL supports reading, writing (mutating), and subscribing to changes to data (realtime updates – commonly implemented using WebSockets). [8] A GraphQL service is created by defining types with fields, then providing functions to resolve the data for each field. The types and fields make up what is known as the schema definition.
GraphQL: an open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs. Dgraph implements modified GraphQL language called DQL (formerly GraphQL+-) Gremlin: a graph programming language that is a part of Apache TinkerPop open-source project [49] SPARQL: a query language for RDF databases that can retrieve and manipulate data stored in RDF format
Cypher uses compact fixed- and variable-length patterns which combine visual representations of node and relationship (edge) topologies, with label existence and property value predicates. (These patterns are usually referred to as "ASCII art" patterns, and arose originally as a way of commenting programs which used a lower-level graph API. [17 ...
Gremlin is an Apache2-licensed graph traversal language that can be used by graph system vendors. There are typically two types of graph system vendors: OLTP graph databases and OLAP graph processors.
In computing, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems.
Trino is an open-source distributed SQL query engine designed to query large data sets distributed over one or more heterogeneous data sources. [1] Trino can query data lakes that contain a variety of file formats such as simple row-oriented CSV and JSON data files to more performant open column-oriented data file formats like ORC or Parquet [2] [3] residing on different storage systems like ...
Cypher is a declarative graph query language that allows for expressive and efficient data querying in a property graph. [1]Cypher was largely an invention of Andrés Taylor while working for Neo4j, Inc. (formerly Neo Technology) in 2011. [2]